Pragmatism

Political position that seeks balance between left and right, valuing moderation, pragmatism, and consensus, and combining elements of different currents to avoid extremes and favor gradual reforms.

Pro-market centrist branch that combines fiscal responsibility, liberal democracy, moderate international openness, and institutional reform, rejecting both broad statism and libertarian radicalism as a political program.

Current of Brazil's PSDB, founded in 1988 by Covas, Montoro and Cardoso, joining a market economy, social state, state reform and fiscal responsibility with parliamentarism and moderation on social issues.

Scandinavian model combining tripartite collective bargaining among unions, employers and the state, a universalist welfare state funded by high taxes, and an open, export-driven market economy, with strong social consensus and low inequality.

Current inspired by John Maynard Keynes that accepts markets and liberal democracy but gives the state the task of managing demand, with countercyclical public spending, full employment as a goal and a mixed economy.

Pragmatic branch that prioritizes fiscal adjustment, economic stability, and governability through broad coalitions, accepting market reforms and political concessions in the name of short- and medium-term results.